Lukas 2:8

The Shepherds’ Visit

2:8 Now ¹  there were shepherds ²  nearby ³  living out in the field, keeping guard ⁴  over their flock at night.

Lukas 12:9

12:9 But the one who denies me before men will be denied before God’s angels.

Lukas 16:14

More Warnings about the Pharisees

16:14 The Pharisees ⁵  (who loved money) heard all this and ridiculed ⁶  him.

Lukas 17:12

17:12 As ⁷  he was entering ⁸  a village, ten men with leprosy ⁹  met him. They ¹⁰  stood at a distance,

Lukas 18:2

18:2 He said, ¹¹  “In a certain city ¹²  there was a judge ¹³  who neither feared God nor respected people. ¹⁴ 

Lukas 22:6

22:6 So ¹⁵  Judas ¹⁶  agreed and began looking for an opportunity to betray Jesus ¹⁷  when no crowd was present. ¹⁸ 

Lukas 24:4

24:4 While ¹⁹  they were perplexed ²⁰  about this, suddenly ²¹  two men stood beside them in dazzling ²²  attire.

[2:8]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[2:8]  ² sn Some argue that shepherds were among the culturally despised, but the evidence for this view of shepherds is late, coming from 5th century Jewish materials. December 25 as the celebrated date of Jesus’ birth arose around the time of Constantine (ca. a.d. 306-337), though it is mentioned in material from Hippolytus (a.d. 165-235). Some think that the reason for celebration on this date was that it coincided with the pagan Roman festival of Saturnalia, and Christians could celebrate their own festival at this time without fear of persecution. On the basis of the statement that the shepherds were living out in the field, keeping guard over their flock at night it is often suggested that Jesus’ birth took place in early spring, since it was only at lambing time that shepherds stood guard over their flocks in the field. This is not absolutely certain, however.

[2:8]  ³ tn Grk “in that region.”

[2:8]  ⁴ tn Grk “living in the field (see BDAG 15 s.v. ἀγραυλέω) and guarding their flock.”

[16:14]  ⁵ sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.

[16:14]  ⁶ tn A figurative extension of the literal meaning “to turn one’s nose up at someone”; here “ridicule, sneer at, show contempt for” (L&N 33.409).

[17:12]  ⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[17:12]  ⁸ tn The participle εἰσερχομένου (eisercomenou) is taken temporally.

[17:12]  ⁹ sn The ten men with leprosy would have been unable to approach Jesus (Lev 13:45-46; Num 5:2-3). The ancient term for leprosy covered a wider array of conditions than what is called leprosy today. A leper was totally ostracized from society until he was declared cured (Lev 13:45-46).

[17:12]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “leprosy, who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun was replaced with a personal pronoun and a new sentence started at this point in the translation.

[18:2]  ¹¹ tn Grk “lose heart, saying.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in the Greek text, but a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronominal subject “He.”

[18:2]  ¹² tn Or “town.”

[18:2]  ¹³ sn The judge here is apparently portrayed as a civil judge who often handled financial cases.

[18:2]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “man,” but the singular ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used as a generic in comparison to God.

[22:6]  ¹⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the arrangement worked out in the preceding verse.

[22:6]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Judas) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:6]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “betray him to them”; the referent of the first pronoun (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:6]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “apart from the crowd.”

[22:6]  sn The leaders wanted to do this quietly, when no crowd was present, so no public uproar would result (cf. v. 21:38; 22:2).

[24:4]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “And it happened that while.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[24:4]  ²⁰ tn Or “bewildered.” The term refers to a high state of confusion and anxiety.

[24:4]  ²¹ tn Grk “behold.”

[24:4]  ²² sn The brilliantly shining clothing (dazzling attire) points to the fact that these are angels (see 24:23).